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Cortes and Radhakrishnan, 2013. A Case of Amelioration of Venlafaxine-Discontinuation “Brain Shivers” With Atomoxetine


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My Comment: This is the complete letter. The references can be seen via the link.
I was interested in what they say about the mechanism, at the end.
AFAIK, atomoxetine is an SNRI. It gave me the most horrendous evil feeling in the muscles of my legs that I went to emergency after a few days and almost got locked up. It wasn't pain per se. It was like "expectancy." These novel drugs give us sensations we can't describe, so the doctors describe us as crazy, you know?
 
Prim Care Companion CNS Disord. 2013; 15(2): PCC.12l01427. Published online 2013 Mar 21. doi:  10.4088/PCC.12l01427

A Case of Amelioration of Venlafaxine-Discontinuation “Brain Shivers” With Atomoxetine
Jose A. Cortes, PhD and Rajiv Radhakrishnan, MD
 

Full text at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3733524/

To the Editor: Antidepressant discontinuation syndrome is a common syndrome seen following abrupt termination of treatment with a serotonin reuptake inhibitor.1 It occurs at rates ranging from 17.2% to as high as 78% with venlafaxine.2,3 There is, however, little literature on “brain shivers,”4,5 a common antidepressant-discontinuation symptom described by patients taking venlafaxine, duloxetine, citalopram, and paroxetine. Much of the information comes from Internet blogs and Web sites.6–8 The symptom is described variously as “an electrical shock–like sensation in the brain,” “the sensation of the brain shivering,” “brain zaps,” “brain shocks,” “brain shivers,” “head shocks,” or “cranial zings.” The etiology of the symptom is not known, and there is no known treatment for this distressing symptom.
 
We describe a case in which “brain shivers” occurred as part of venlafaxine discontinuation syndrome and abated with atomoxetine treatment. ["we made this man miserable for nothing"]
 
Case report. Mr A, a 34-year-old man, presented with DSM-IV major depressive disorder (MDD) that responded well to venlafaxine (300 mg/d). He achieved remission except for seasonal exacerbations during autumn during the next 4 years. In view of a family history of bipolar disorder, it was decided to add lamotrigine and taper venlafaxine. [idiots] Mr A maintained remission on venlafaxine (37.5 mg/d) and lamotrigine (200 mg/d) without seasonal exacerbations. Mr A abruptly discontinued venlafaxine 37.5 mg/d. On the second day following discontinuation, he reported feeling an unpleasant sensation of “electricity in the head” that “felt like the brain was shaking inside the skull.”
 
Mr A was also noticed to demonstrate emotional incontinence and complained of anhedonia, anxiety, tinnitus, headache, nausea, and increased sensitivity to noise.
 
Since the “brain shivers” were the most distressing symptom, a trial of atomoxetine 40 mg/d was attempted based on the hypothesis that the symptom was a result of noradrenergic imbalance.9 An immediate improvement in “brain shivers” was reported within 2 or 3 hours of taking the first dose.
 
Over the next 3 days, Mr A reported further improvement in “brain shivers” and anhedonia although emotional incontinence and increased sensitivity to noise persisted.
 
Given the severity of other withdrawal symptoms, venlafaxine (37.5 mg/d) was reinstated and atomoxetine was stopped. All withdrawal symptoms disappeared during the next day. [chalk one up for Effexor!]
 
The case adds to the interesting speculation about the noradrenergic imbalance as the basis of “brain shivers.”9 “Brain shivers,” conceptually related to Lhermitte’s phenomenon,10 have also been reported with the noradrenergic drug 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine (MDMA).
 
The psychotropic effects of MDMA are mediated via norepinephrine transporter11 and results in an increase in synaptic norepinephrine levels.
 
Venlafaxine’s affinity for norepinephrine transporter (K = 2,984 nM),12 is 103-fold lower than that of atomoxetine (K = 5 nM),13 yet venlafaxine causes an increase (242%)14 in synaptic norepinephrine levels comparable to that by atomoxetine (290% ± 33%).13 Curiously, chronic treatment with venlafaxine does not reduce norepinephrine transporter binding sites.15 These facts point to the possibility that increases in synaptic norepinephrine are due to norepinephrine transporter reversal, akin to dopamine transporter reversal associated with amphetamine.16
 
Abrupt withdrawal of venlafaxine would hence result in paradoxical increase in synaptic norepinephrine via efflux through norepinephrine transporter channels, which is normalized by atomoxetine’s norepinephrine transporter blockade. This speculation of the noradrenergic basis of “brain shivers” warrants further study.

Edited by Altostrata
refined format

2009: Cancer hospital said I had adjustment disorder because I thought they were doing it wrong. Their headshrinker prescribed Effexor, and my life set on a new course. I didn't know what was ahead, like a passenger on Disneyland's Matterhorn, smiling and waving as it climbs...clink, clink, clink.

2010: Post surgical accidental Effexor discontinuation by nurses, masked by intravenous Dilaudid. (The car is balanced at the top of the track.) I get home, pop a Vicodin, and ...

Whooosh...down, down, down, down, down...goes the trajectory of my life, up goes my mood and tendency to think everything is a good idea.
2012: After the bipolar jig was up, now a walking bag of unrelated symptoms, I went crazy on Daytrana (the Ritalin skin patch by Noven), because ADHD was a perfect fit for a bag of unrelated symptoms. I was prescribed Effexor for the nervousness of it, and things got neurological. An EEG showed enough activity to warrant an epilepsy diagnosis rather than non-epileptic ("psychogenic") seizures.

:o 2013-2014: Quit everything and got worse. I probably went through DAWS: dopamine agonist withdrawal syndrome. I drank to not feel, but I felt a lot: dread, fear, regret, grief: an utter sense of total loss of everything worth breathing about, for almost two years.

I was not suicidal but I wanted to be dead, at least dead to the experience of my own brain and body.

2015: I  began to recover after adding virgin coconut oil and organic grass-fed fed butter to a cup of instant coffee in the morning.

I did it hoping for mental acuity and better memory. After ten days of that, I was much better, mood-wise. Approximately neutral.

And, I experienced drowsiness. I could sleep. Not exactly happy, I did 30 days on Wellbutrin, because it had done me no harm in the past. 

I don't have the DAWS mood or state of mind. It never feel like doing anything if it means standing up.

In fact, I don't especially like moving. I'm a brain with a beanbag body.   :unsure:

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Good job on the format.

 

If the doctors were able to recognize withdrawal symptoms, they would have found the "brain shivers" would have abated with Effexor reinstatement. The atomoxetine (Strattera) step was unnecessary, but resulted in their pondering whether "noradrenergic imbalance" caused the "brain shivers."

 

Frankly, I don't think this adds anything to the understanding of withdrawal symptoms, but at least the patient isn't still in withdrawal.

This is not medical advice. Discuss any decisions about your medical care with a knowledgeable medical practitioner.

"It has become appallingly obvious that our technology has surpassed our humanity." -- Albert Einstein

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Drs. Cortes and Radhakrishnan —

I read with interest your 2013 paper A Case of Amelioration of Venlafaxine-Discontinuation “Brain Shivers” With Atomoxetine http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3733524/

You should be aware that doctors overlook withdrawal symptoms, including “brain shivers”, every day. In fact, there are dozens of peer support Web sites and hundreds of thousands of patient postings all over the Web about the difficulties of quitting psychiatric medication, even under a doctor's supervision.

Patients are having a very hard time finding clinicians who are aware of gradual tapering procedures tailored to individual tolerance and fail to recognize even obvious signs of withdrawal syndrome, such as “brain shivers."

I am very concerned about the vacuum of knowledge in medicine regarding discontinuing all types of psychiatric medications. I founded SurvivingAntidepressants.org to provide peer support for tapering and post-acute withdrawal syndrome. You may read thousands of case histories here http://tinyurl.com/3o4k3j5

For what it’s worth, I doubt that “brain shivers” have a specifically noradrenergic cause. They occur in all types of psychiatric drug withdrawal, not just SSRIs or SNRIs. In your case report, the alleviation of the symptom by atomoxetine was most likely idiosyncratic. What was needed was reinstatement of Effexor, as recommended in all medical guidelines, including the Effexor package insert, regarding the emergence of withdrawal symptoms.

On SurvivingAntidepressants.org, we have several topics regarding brain zaps, brain shivers, and other neurological manifestations of withdrawal syndrome, such as

http://survivingantidepressants.org/index.php?/topic/288-brain-zaps/

http://survivingantidepressants.org/index.php?/topic/6118-constant-low-level-jolts-in-entire-body/

http://survivingantidepressants.org/index.php?/topic/6548-paresthesia-pins-needles-numbness-tingling-burning-sensations/

http://survivingantidepressants.org/index.php?/topic/2133-exploding-head-syndrome-or-ssri-withdrawal/

http://survivingantidepressants.org/index.php?/topic/2016-tremors-shaking-body-vibration/

Skaehill, 1997 SSRI Withdrawal Syndrome http://survivingantidepressants.org/index.php?/topic/1511-skaehill-1997-ssri-withdrawal-syndrome/suggests brain zaps are a form of Lhermitte’s sign, a low-level epilepsy. Having experienced them myself for 6 months, this makes sense to me. (It took 9 years for my nervous system to recover from Paxil withdrawal syndrome.)

Contrary to popular belief, withdrawal symptoms do not always emerge immediately and resolve within a few weeks or months. Some people suffer debilitating neurological damage from too-fast withdrawal for years, as I did.

The misdiagnosis of withdrawal syndrome may have confounded all studies of relapse after discontinuation of psychiatric drugs.

These iatrogenic symptoms are usually misdiagnosed as relapse or emergence of a psychiatric illness. This can result in drastic over-medication as doctors try to quell withdrawal symptoms.

What's shown up on patient-run Web sites is that some people require very, very gradual decrements in dosage, sometimes 5% or less per month, to minimize withdrawal symptoms. Some can tolerate decreases of only a fraction of a milligram at a time.

We have found such very gradual reductions in dosage can be successful in avoiding neurological destabiization.

We are always looking for people with prescription privileges anywhere in the world who are knowledgeable about very gradual, individualized tapering of antidepressants and antipsychotics as well as benzos, and who can recognize withdrawal symptoms and know what to do if they show up.

This would be for the purpose of local referrals.

Can you offer this service? Can you recommend any prescriber colleagues who are knowledgeable about tapering? Do you know of any who treat post-acute withdrawal syndrome?

Thank you,

Altostrata
Administrator
SurvivingAntidepressants.org

PS For the information of the general public, I have accumulated probably the best collection of documentation about tapering and withdrawal syndrome available:

- Journal articles about withdrawal syndrome here http://survivingantidepressants.org/index.php?/forum/16-from-journals-and-scientific-sources/
- About tapering techniques here http://survivingantidepressants.org/index.php?/topic/300-important-topics-in-the-tapering-forum-and-faq/

This is not medical advice. Discuss any decisions about your medical care with a knowledgeable medical practitioner.

"It has become appallingly obvious that our technology has surpassed our humanity." -- Albert Einstein

All postings © copyrighted.

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Wow Alto what a great piece of writing.

 

" vacuum of knowledge "

Awesome!

Thought for the day: Lets stand up, and let’s speak out , together. G Olsen

We have until the 14th. Feb 2018. 

URGENT REQUEST Please consider submitting  for the petition on Prescribed Drug Dependence and Withdrawal currently awaiting its third consideration at the Scottish Parliament. You don't even have to be from Scotland. By clicking on the link below you can read some of the previous submissions but be warned many of them are quite harrowing.

http://www.parliament.scot/GettingInvolved/Petitions/PE01651   

Please tell them about your problems taking and withdrawing from antidepressants and/or benzos.

Send by email to petitions@parliament.scot and quote PE01651 in the subject heading. Keep to a maximum of 3 sides of A4 and you can't name for legal reasons any doctor you have consulted. Tell them if you wish to remain anonymous. We need the numbers to help convince the committee members we are not isolated cases. You have until mid February. Thank you

Recovering paxil addict

None of the published articles shed light on what ssri's ... actually do or what their hazards might be. Healy 2013. 

This is so true, with anything you get on these drugs, dependance, tapering, withdrawal symptoms, side effects, just silent. And if there is something mentioned then their is a serious disconnect between what is said and reality! 

  "Every time I read of a multi-person shooting, I always presume that person had just started a SSRI or had just stopped."  Dr Mosher. Me too! 

Over two decades later, the number of antidepressant prescriptions a year is slightly more than the number of people in the Western world. Most (nine out of 10) prescriptions are for patients who faced difficulties on stopping, equating to about a tenth of the population. These patients are often advised to continue treatment because their difficulties indicate they need ongoing treatment, just as a person with diabetes needs insulin. Healy 2015

I believe the ssri era will soon stand as one of the most shameful in the history of medicine. Healy 2015

Let people help people ... in a natural, kind, non-addictive (and non-big pharma) way. J Broadley 2017

 

 

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Thanks, nz. I send these letters out frequently.

This is not medical advice. Discuss any decisions about your medical care with a knowledgeable medical practitioner.

"It has become appallingly obvious that our technology has surpassed our humanity." -- Albert Einstein

All postings © copyrighted.

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You're welcome

Well its certainly a masterly lesson in a tactful diplomatic effort.

Be interesting to hear the reply.

Thought for the day: Lets stand up, and let’s speak out , together. G Olsen

We have until the 14th. Feb 2018. 

URGENT REQUEST Please consider submitting  for the petition on Prescribed Drug Dependence and Withdrawal currently awaiting its third consideration at the Scottish Parliament. You don't even have to be from Scotland. By clicking on the link below you can read some of the previous submissions but be warned many of them are quite harrowing.

http://www.parliament.scot/GettingInvolved/Petitions/PE01651   

Please tell them about your problems taking and withdrawing from antidepressants and/or benzos.

Send by email to petitions@parliament.scot and quote PE01651 in the subject heading. Keep to a maximum of 3 sides of A4 and you can't name for legal reasons any doctor you have consulted. Tell them if you wish to remain anonymous. We need the numbers to help convince the committee members we are not isolated cases. You have until mid February. Thank you

Recovering paxil addict

None of the published articles shed light on what ssri's ... actually do or what their hazards might be. Healy 2013. 

This is so true, with anything you get on these drugs, dependance, tapering, withdrawal symptoms, side effects, just silent. And if there is something mentioned then their is a serious disconnect between what is said and reality! 

  "Every time I read of a multi-person shooting, I always presume that person had just started a SSRI or had just stopped."  Dr Mosher. Me too! 

Over two decades later, the number of antidepressant prescriptions a year is slightly more than the number of people in the Western world. Most (nine out of 10) prescriptions are for patients who faced difficulties on stopping, equating to about a tenth of the population. These patients are often advised to continue treatment because their difficulties indicate they need ongoing treatment, just as a person with diabetes needs insulin. Healy 2015

I believe the ssri era will soon stand as one of the most shameful in the history of medicine. Healy 2015

Let people help people ... in a natural, kind, non-addictive (and non-big pharma) way. J Broadley 2017

 

 

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Alto, I just enjoy your existence in the world. This gave me cause to smile

Please note - I am not a medical practitioner and I do not give medical advice. I offer an opinion based on my own experiences, reading and discussion with others.On Effexor for 2 months at the start of 2005. Had extreme insomnia as an adverse reaction. Changed to mirtazapine. Have been trying to get off since mid 2008 with numerous failures including CTs and slow (but not slow enough tapers)Have slow tapered at 10 per cent or less for years. I have liquid mirtazapine made at a compounding chemist.

Was on 1.6 ml as at 19 March 2014.

Dropped to 1.5 ml 7 June 2014. Dropped to 1.4 in about September.

Dropped to 1.3 on 20 December 2014. Dropped to 1.2 in mid Jan 2015.

Dropped to 1 ml in late Feb 2015. I think my old medication had run out of puff so I tried 1ml when I got the new stuff and it seems to be going ok. Sleep has been good over the last week (as of 13/3/15).

Dropped to 1/2 ml 14/11/15 Fatigue still there as are memory and cognition problems. Sleep is patchy but liveable compared to what it has been in the past.

 

DRUG FREE - as at 1st May 2017

 

>My intro post is here - http://survivingantidepressants.org/index.php?/topic/2250-dalsaan

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:wub: !!!

This is not medical advice. Discuss any decisions about your medical care with a knowledgeable medical practitioner.

"It has become appallingly obvious that our technology has surpassed our humanity." -- Albert Einstein

All postings © copyrighted.

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Let's keep bumping this so if they visit the site it'll be visible as the top post in Journals, and they can enjoy the bold blue editorializing.

 

It's interesting that Atomoxetine :(:o helped with a couple of the symptoms but not all. I'm just glad the patient wasn't an elderly man. It makes me too sad when innocent trusting old people are subject to these cruel chemicals.

2009: Cancer hospital said I had adjustment disorder because I thought they were doing it wrong. Their headshrinker prescribed Effexor, and my life set on a new course. I didn't know what was ahead, like a passenger on Disneyland's Matterhorn, smiling and waving as it climbs...clink, clink, clink.

2010: Post surgical accidental Effexor discontinuation by nurses, masked by intravenous Dilaudid. (The car is balanced at the top of the track.) I get home, pop a Vicodin, and ...

Whooosh...down, down, down, down, down...goes the trajectory of my life, up goes my mood and tendency to think everything is a good idea.
2012: After the bipolar jig was up, now a walking bag of unrelated symptoms, I went crazy on Daytrana (the Ritalin skin patch by Noven), because ADHD was a perfect fit for a bag of unrelated symptoms. I was prescribed Effexor for the nervousness of it, and things got neurological. An EEG showed enough activity to warrant an epilepsy diagnosis rather than non-epileptic ("psychogenic") seizures.

:o 2013-2014: Quit everything and got worse. I probably went through DAWS: dopamine agonist withdrawal syndrome. I drank to not feel, but I felt a lot: dread, fear, regret, grief: an utter sense of total loss of everything worth breathing about, for almost two years.

I was not suicidal but I wanted to be dead, at least dead to the experience of my own brain and body.

2015: I  began to recover after adding virgin coconut oil and organic grass-fed fed butter to a cup of instant coffee in the morning.

I did it hoping for mental acuity and better memory. After ten days of that, I was much better, mood-wise. Approximately neutral.

And, I experienced drowsiness. I could sleep. Not exactly happy, I did 30 days on Wellbutrin, because it had done me no harm in the past. 

I don't have the DAWS mood or state of mind. It never feel like doing anything if it means standing up.

In fact, I don't especially like moving. I'm a brain with a beanbag body.   :unsure:

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  • Moderator Emeritus

Glad it was bumped.  I missed it the first time around.

 

I don't know whether to salute you guys or hug you or maybe I will just cry...........

 

Thank you.

Late 2023- gone to emeritus status, inactive, don't @ me, I can check who I've posted on, and I'm not really here like I used to be......thanks.

Started with psycho meds/psychiatric care circa 1988.  In retrospect, and on contemplation, situational overwhelm.

Rounding up to 30 years of medications(30 medication trials, poly-pharmacy maximum was 3 at one time).

5/28/2015-off Adderal salts 2.5mg. (I had been on that since hospital 10/2014)

12/2015---just holding, holding, holding, with trileptal/oxcarb at 75 mg. 1/2 tab at hs.  My last psycho med ever!  Tapered @ 10% every 4 weeks, sometimes 2 weeks to

2016 Dec 16 medication free!!

Longer signature post here, with current supplements.

Herb and alcohol free since 5/15/2016.  And.....I quit smoking 11/2021. Lapsed.  Redo of quit smoking 9/28/2022.  Can you say Hallelujah?(took me long enough)💜

None of my posts are intended as medical advice.  Please discuss any decisions about your medical care with a knowledgeable medical provider.  My success story:  Blue skies ahead, clear sailing

 

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I doubt they'll look here. You might send your editorializing to the authors in an e-mail.

This is not medical advice. Discuss any decisions about your medical care with a knowledgeable medical practitioner.

"It has become appallingly obvious that our technology has surpassed our humanity." -- Albert Einstein

All postings © copyrighted.

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  • Moderator Emeritus

That I might. :) Thank you Altostrata.  With you and Amy Schumer as role models how can I go wrong?

Late 2023- gone to emeritus status, inactive, don't @ me, I can check who I've posted on, and I'm not really here like I used to be......thanks.

Started with psycho meds/psychiatric care circa 1988.  In retrospect, and on contemplation, situational overwhelm.

Rounding up to 30 years of medications(30 medication trials, poly-pharmacy maximum was 3 at one time).

5/28/2015-off Adderal salts 2.5mg. (I had been on that since hospital 10/2014)

12/2015---just holding, holding, holding, with trileptal/oxcarb at 75 mg. 1/2 tab at hs.  My last psycho med ever!  Tapered @ 10% every 4 weeks, sometimes 2 weeks to

2016 Dec 16 medication free!!

Longer signature post here, with current supplements.

Herb and alcohol free since 5/15/2016.  And.....I quit smoking 11/2021. Lapsed.  Redo of quit smoking 9/28/2022.  Can you say Hallelujah?(took me long enough)💜

None of my posts are intended as medical advice.  Please discuss any decisions about your medical care with a knowledgeable medical provider.  My success story:  Blue skies ahead, clear sailing

 

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  • 2 weeks later...
  • Moderator Emeritus

I think the phrase that struck me the most from their report was: "emotional incontinence."  First I'd ever heard of such a symptom - is it one of the new DSM V ones?

 

GREAT work Alto!   I love the way you balance between the diplomatic and the technical!  Our Champion! 

"Easy, easy - just go easy and you'll finish." - Hawaiian Kapuna

 

Holding is hard work, holding is a blessing. Give your brain time to heal before you try again.

 

My suggestions are not medical advice, you are in charge of your own medical choices.

 

A lifetime of being prescribed antidepressants that caused problems (30 years in total). At age 35 flipped to "bipolar," but was not diagnosed for 5 years. Started my journey in Midwest United States. Crossed the Pacific for love and hope; currently living in Australia.   CT Seroquel 25 mg some time in 2013.   Tapered Reboxetine 4 mg Oct 2013 to Sept 2014 = GONE (3 years on Reboxetine).     Tapered Lithium 900 to 475 MG (alternating with the SNRI) Jan 2014 - Nov 2014, tapered Lithium 475 mg Jan 2015 -  Feb 2016 = GONE (10 years  on Lithium).  Many mistakes in dry cutting dosages were made.


The tedious thread (my intro):  JanCarol ☼ Reboxetine first, then Lithium

The happy thread (my success story):  JanCarol - Undiagnosed  Off all bipolar drugs

My own blog:  https://shamanexplorations.com/shamans-blog/

 

 

I have been psych drug FREE since 1 Feb 2016!

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  • 2 months later...

Just one page with some people saying Lamictal induced mania or hypomania. There are more such pages.

http://www.mdjunction.com/forums/bipolar-support-forums/general-support/3273876-can-lamictal-cause-mania

2009: Cancer hospital said I had adjustment disorder because I thought they were doing it wrong. Their headshrinker prescribed Effexor, and my life set on a new course. I didn't know what was ahead, like a passenger on Disneyland's Matterhorn, smiling and waving as it climbs...clink, clink, clink.

2010: Post surgical accidental Effexor discontinuation by nurses, masked by intravenous Dilaudid. (The car is balanced at the top of the track.) I get home, pop a Vicodin, and ...

Whooosh...down, down, down, down, down...goes the trajectory of my life, up goes my mood and tendency to think everything is a good idea.
2012: After the bipolar jig was up, now a walking bag of unrelated symptoms, I went crazy on Daytrana (the Ritalin skin patch by Noven), because ADHD was a perfect fit for a bag of unrelated symptoms. I was prescribed Effexor for the nervousness of it, and things got neurological. An EEG showed enough activity to warrant an epilepsy diagnosis rather than non-epileptic ("psychogenic") seizures.

:o 2013-2014: Quit everything and got worse. I probably went through DAWS: dopamine agonist withdrawal syndrome. I drank to not feel, but I felt a lot: dread, fear, regret, grief: an utter sense of total loss of everything worth breathing about, for almost two years.

I was not suicidal but I wanted to be dead, at least dead to the experience of my own brain and body.

2015: I  began to recover after adding virgin coconut oil and organic grass-fed fed butter to a cup of instant coffee in the morning.

I did it hoping for mental acuity and better memory. After ten days of that, I was much better, mood-wise. Approximately neutral.

And, I experienced drowsiness. I could sleep. Not exactly happy, I did 30 days on Wellbutrin, because it had done me no harm in the past. 

I don't have the DAWS mood or state of mind. It never feel like doing anything if it means standing up.

In fact, I don't especially like moving. I'm a brain with a beanbag body.   :unsure:

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